Saiba quando trocar as pastilhas de freio

Alguns veículos vêm de fábrica com um dispositivo eletrônico de segurança que indica o fim da vida útil da pastilha. Em veículos sem esse dispositivo eletrônico, o desgaste da pastilha é indicado por um forte ruído.

É sempre bom verificar condições das pastilhas a cada 5.000 km e trocá-las quando chegarem a espessura de 2 mm o que ocorre geralmente a cada 30.000 km. Para garantir uma boa frenagem, é aconselhável que os discos sejam verificados estes geralmente suportam até duas trocas de pastilhas sem problema algum. Após a troca das pastilhas, é recomendado que o mecânico circule com o veículo e acione o freio diversas vezes, para que haja um pré-assentamento.

As frenagens devem ser normais e o freio não deve ser acionado junto com o acelerador ou em velocidades muito altas. O assentamento só estará completo após, aproximadamente, 300 km rodados em perímetro urbano.

O fluído do sistema de freio não é consumível, ou seja não gasta, então sempre é bom ficar de olho no nível do óleo pois se baixar e a pastilha ainda não tiver gastado é sinal de que tem algum problema.

Geralmente o óleo tem validade de 12 meses e é sempre importante utilizar o recomendado pelo fabricante do veiculo.

A maioria dos carros nacionais tem lonas nas rodas traseiras e estas também merecem atenção não esquecendo dos cilindros de roda. E fique atento sempre na luz do painel em caso de alguma falha deve acender e se isto acontecer, pare o quanto antes para verificar qual o problema.

Dicas para aumentar a vida útil útil dos freios de seu carro:

- Freie sempre que possível com suavidade, dosando a força no pedal. Freadas bruscas aumentam o desgaste dos freios e pneus e podem travar as rodas, o que aumenta o espaço necessário para parar o veículo.

- Entre nas curvas em velocidade compatível. Frear dentro da curva é possível, mas requer sensibilidade. Pise com moderação e alivie a pressão se sentir travamento de roda.

- Use numa descida a mesma marcha que usaria para subi-la. Isso poupa os freios. Jamais coloque o câmbio em ponto-morto (a popular "banguela"): o desgaste dos freios e o risco à sua segurança e à dos outros não compensam a mínima economia de combustível.

- Não desligue o motor com o carro ainda em movimento. A câmara de vácuo (servo-freio) deixará de atuar, o que torna o pedal bastante pesado. Este é, a propósito, outro risco da "banguela": o motor pode morrer e você precisar frear antes de conseguir religá-lo.

- O nome já diz: freio de estacionamento serve apenas para manter o carro imóvel quando estacionado. Evite aplicá-lo em movimento, o que pode bloquear as rodas traseiras e causar um "cavalo-de-pau".

- A presença do sistema antitravamento ABS não significa que você deve frear ao máximo sem necessidade. Além do desgaste do conjunto, isso pode levar a uma colisão traseira se o veículo de trás não conseguir frear com a mesma eficiência que o seu.

- Seguindo estes cuidados é improvável que você fique sem freios. Se acontecer, porém, segure o carro através da redução de marchas e puxe o freio de estacionamento com suavidade, mantendo o botão apertado. "Bombar" o pedal permitirá saber quando o sistema recuperar a eficiência.

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Don't Think You Need a Radar Detector?

Don't Think You Need a Radar Detector? It's been almost exactly two years since I bought my V1 radar detector. It's also been almost exactly two years since I last got a speeding ticket. Coincidence? More like a reprieve.

No longer do I have to live with the constant dread that just after the next blind curve sits a doughnut-eater running his Machine - because now I have a machine, too.

My ever-vigilant Little Friend chirps a warning - Slow Down! - and it's that second or two of advance warning that has kept my record "clean" for 24 months now - a feat I had not managed in the previous 12.

Some may take umbrage and call me a law-breaker, which is technically true. But then, so are the cops and the system they support.

Speed limits, for instance, are very often not set according to the law. Instead of doing a traffic survey (including measuring the speed of traffic on a given stretch and determining the average, from which the posted limit is supposed to derive its statutory basis) the limit is just posted - at whim.

Typically, it's set well below the 85th percentile speed (basically, the normal pace of everyday traffic) which has the effect of making virtually every driver on the road technically guilty of "speeding."

A proper speed limit, according to the book, speed limits should be set about 5-10 mph higher than the 85th percentile, so that only drivers going significantly faster than the normal flow are in violation. Most state and local governments are supposed to abide by MUTCD and the 85th percentile rule - but they don't. So, who's playing dirty pool here?

Another example: I live near the Blue Ridge Parkway, which snakes through rural Virginia and North Carolina. Last year, they repaved much of the section that runs through our area. They also just painted over several former divided-yellow line passing zones with a continuous ribbon of double yellow. Pre-pave (and paint) it was perfectly legal to pass a heaving RV struggling up the mountain at 24 mph (the posted limit is 45). Now, in exactly the same place, it's illegal - at least, technically - because the lines have been repainted. But was a traffic survey done? Was the law actually changed? I doubt it very much. I think - I would bet - that the construction people just painted double yellow on their own say-so.

But you'll still get a ticket if a cop happens to be coming along when you're trying to pass that heaving RV. Unless, that is, you have your Little Friend with you. Mine has saved me no less than three times from getting a ticket in this scenario.

There's also the issue of speedometer error. Many people have no idea but it's fact that vehicle speedometers in ordinary passenger cars are often not accurate. They can be off as much as 5 mph, either way. This is why cop cars have "calibrated" speedometers that are tested to ensure accuracy. For them.

But your car's speedo may be off - and that means you could be "speeding" and not even know it. You'll get a ticket just the same.

A radar detector can also be a day-saver when, for example, you're about to try to pass a dawdler doing just slightly under the posted maximum. To execute the pass safely, you will need to accelerate to well over the posted maximum briefly, in order to safely get around the dawdler and back into your lane quickly. This is obviously smarter - and safer - than trying to pass a car doing 52 without you yourself driving faster than 55. Cops know it's so, too. But they will ticket you mercilessly if they catch you doing 65 to get around the dawdler - even if it's only for a moment. Unless... .

The final argument I'll make - and it's addressed to the "good driver" who rarely drives more than a few mph over the posted max - is in the form of a warning. It used to be that most cops in most places would "spot" you 5, even 10 mph - because they knew (but would never admit openly) that most speed limits were bogus and they felt bad about hassling people whom they knew were not driving dangerously.

But enforcement is becoming much more aggressive as a result of declining tax revenues and increased costs for state and local governments. Traffic tickets are a vast potential source of revenue and all around the country, local governments are leaning on the police department to increase the haul as much as they possibly can. The cushion that used to exist is gone. You can expect to get a ticket - and not a warning - for doing 62 in a 55 or 50 in a 45. Unless you have an electronic ally.

Now, a high-quality radar detector like my Valentine 1 (see http://www.carmild.com/) is not inexpensive. But in my case, the unit paid for itself within the first six months. Do the math yourself. A single typical "minor" speeding ticket averages about $150, fine plus court costs. That's less than the cost of the V1, of course.

But don't neglect to take into account the near-certainty that your insurance premium will be "adjusted" upward even after just one speeding ticket is credited to your DMV rap sheet. Get a second ticket within a 2-3 year timeframe and the near-certainty becomes an absolute guarantee. So if the detector saves you from getting even just two minor tickets over a two-year timeframe, you are in the black. Everything after that is gravy.

And it's impossible to calculate the value of escaping the clutches of Johnny Law. Avoiding just one ticket, courtesy of your Little Friend, will absolutely make your day.